Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Deep-Water Wave Instabilities Involving Wave Breaking

Abstract Instabilities of deep-water wave trains subject to initially small perturbations (which then grow exponentially) can lead extreme waves in offshore regions. The present study focuses on the two-dimensional Benjamin–Feir (or modulational) instability and three-dimensional crescent horseshoe) waves, also known as Class I II instabilities, respectively. Numerical studies instabilities date have been mostly limited models founded potential flow theory; thus, they could only properly investigate process from initial growth breaking point. conducts numerical simulations generation development involving process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with a turbulence closure terms Reynolds stress is applied. Wave form evolutions, Fourier amplitudes, beneath broken are investigated.